Ibogaine shares receptor effects with both Salvia divinorum (κ-opiate down-regulation of tolerance via beta-arrestin) and with ketamine (NMDA antagonism, curbing narcotic withdrawal and super-sensitization to stimulants). Additionally, ibogaine induces the nerve growth factor GDNF (Glia-Derived Neurotrophic Factor), re-sprouting chronically desensitised dopamine receptors and replacing the neural deficit experienced as craving. Moreover, the 10-fold GDNF spike engendered by ibogaine back-signals to cell nuclei to make more GDNF, setting ...